The use of short implants in oral rehabilitation is certainly a simpler, cheaper and faster treatment with less associated morbidity compared with longer implants placed in the augmented bone area. Currently, it is already possible to find 4mm long implants, which have been evaluated in a multicenter single-cohort prospective study with promising results. The new concepts were also applied to the short implant surfaces, increasing their long-term clinical success. New technologies and knowledge have been resulting in improvements of implant surfaces, such as the modulation of osteoblasts adhesion and spreading induced by structural modifications of the titanium surface, and these changes have promoted an enhanced bone formation around implants. Despite these early disappointing results of these implants, they continued to be used and improved. Implants ≤10 mm with traditional machined surfaces showed inferior success rates compared with longer implants in the past. In this scenario, the placement of short implants appears as an alternative treatment to avoid advanced surgical procedures and their corresponding morbidity. The inferior alveolar nerve lateralization and transposition are the examples of uncommon procedures in the mandible. Several surgical techniques have been advocated for vertical bone augmentation of severely resorbed ridge, such as guided bone regeneration combined with bone graft, the interposition of bone block grafts (inlay technique), sinus elevation, and distraction osteogenesis. These procedures allowed the implant rehabilitation in situations that implant placement would be contraindicated in the past. Therefore, the rehabilitation of edentulous posterior regions using implants becomes complex when severe ridge atrophy is presented.ĭifferent surgical techniques enabling the reconstruction of maxillaries with reduced bone height have been described in the literature. In the maxilla, the absence of teeth promotes sinus pneumatization and consequently vertical bone loss, whereas the presence of the inferior alveolar nerve in atrophic mandibles limits the length of implants. Multiple tooth extractions induce a considerable reduction in bone height, mainly in the posterior jaws. Oral implant placement also provides a more comfortable and aesthetical treatment option for partial and complete denture wearers, being widely accepted by patients as an efficacious method for replacing missing teeth. The oral rehabilitation using implants has a positive implication in the reestablishment of all these factors that affect the life of patients. Quality of life in adults can be highly affected by tooth loss as a consequence of compromised oral function, loss of social status and diminished self-esteem.
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